1. Pre-Installation Preparation

① Foundation Inspection & Acceptance

Verify Foundation Accuracy: Ensure the foundation (concrete slab/piles) meets design requirements for flatness, elevation, anchor bolt positions, and concrete strength (typically ≥75% of design strength before installation).

Check Alignment: Use laser levels or total stations to confirm foundation centerlines and anchor bolt spacing match the steel frame’s layout.

Surface Treatment: Clean foundation surfaces to remove debris, oil, or moisture that could affect bolt anchoring.

② Material Verification & Protection

Check Steel Components: Confirm all steel beams, columns, purlins, and bracing arrive with no deformation, rust, or damage (inspect for shipping-related issues).

Protect Coatings: Avoid scratching anti-corrosion coatings (galvanized/painted surfaces) during handling; cover components if storage is prolonged.

Tool & Equipment Readiness: Prepare cranes, bolts, wrenches, welding machines, and alignment tools (e.g., spirit levels, plumb bobs).

2. Erection Process Key Points

① Column & Beam Installation

Column Alignment:

Use temporary bracing to stabilize columns during lifting; ensure verticality (allowable deviation: typically ≤H/1000, max 10mm).

Anchor bolts must be tightly secured (torque to design specs) to prevent loosening under load.

Beam Connections:

High-strength bolts (Grade 10.9) require pre-tightening to “initial torque” by final torque (follow manufacturer’s guidelines).

Welded connections must follow AWS D1.1/D1.5 standards (avoid excessive heat input to prevent warping).

② Roof & Wall Purlin Installation

Purlin Spacing: Adhere to design spacing (typically 1.2m–2.4m) to support roofing/wall panels; avoid overloading.

Bracing System: Install cross-bracing and wind bracing (diagonal/vertical) to enhance lateral stability; skip this step risks deformation under wind loads.

③ Roof & Wall Panel Installation

Panel Sealing: Overlap panels correctly (typically 200mm–300mm) and fix with self-tapping screws (avoid over-tightening to prevent panel cracking).

Seal Joints: Apply sealant tape or butyl tape at panel edges, ridge caps, and penetrations (vents, skylights) to prevent water leakage.

3. Safety & Compliance

① Structural Safety

Load Distribution: Ensure temporary supports (e.g., scaffolding, cranes) distribute loads evenly; avoid concentrated stress on single points.

Wind Resistance: During installation, tie down loose components (e.g., uninstalled purlins) to prevent uplift in windy conditions (critical in typhoon-prone areas).

② Worker Safety

Fall Protection: Use harnesses, guardrails, and safety nets when working at heights (e.g., roof installation).

Crane Operation: Follow OSHA/GB 5082 (China) crane safety standards; prohibit overloading or operating in high winds (>6 Grade).

4. Post-Installation Checks

① Structural Integrity Verification

Measurements: Recheck column verticality, beam levelness, and diagonal bracing alignment (use plumb bobs and laser levels).

Bolt Tightening: Re-torque high-strength bolts after 24–48 hours (steel may settle slightly).

② Waterproofing & Finishing

Roof Inspection: Check for gaps, loose screws, or damaged sealant; repair immediately to prevent leaks.

Door/Window Installation: Ensure frames are plumb and sealed (weatherproof strips installed) to prevent air/water infiltration.

③ Documentation & Handover

As-Built Drawings: Update drawings to reflect actual installation deviations (if any) for future maintenance.

Warranty & Manuals: Provide manufacturer’s maintenance guidelines (e.g., coating reapplication intervals, bolt inspection cycles).

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

 Skipping foundation inspection → Leads to uneven settling or bolt misalignment.

 Omitting temporary bracing → Causes beam/column instability during lifting.

 Incorrect bolt torque → Results in loose connections under load.

 Ignoring weather conditions → Wind/rain accelerates coating damage or risks accidents.